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People often use the term sea in reference to the ocean . To geographer s, a sea is a division of the ocean that is enclosed or partly enclosed by land. For this reason, all seas are saline , or salty. Some seas are called bay s (like the Bay of Bengal, between India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Indonesia), while some lake s are called seas (like the Caspian Sea, shared by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan). There are more than 50 seas on Earth. There are three major types of seas: nearly enclosed seas, partly enclosed seas, and hypersaline lakes. Nearly enclosed seas reach deeply into continent s and are connected with the open ocean by narrow waterways called strait s. Seas of this type include the Mediterranean Sea and the Baltic Sea. Because such seas are almost landlocked, they have a small range of tide s. Some have no tides at all. Since there is little exchange of water between an enclosed sea and the open ocean , the two may differ from each other phys

A forest is best defined as an ecosystem or assemblage of ecosystems dominated by trees and other woody vegetation.    Parts of a forest The living parts of a forest include trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants, mosses, algae, fungi, insects, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and microorganisms living on the plants and animals and in the soil. These interact with one another and with the non-living part of the environment - including the soil, water, and minerals, to make up what we know as a forest.   How many trees make a forest? Forests (according to the U.S. National Vegetation Classification system) consist of trees with overlapping crowns forming 60% to 100% cover. Woodlands are more open, with 25% to 60% cover.  Other classification systems recognize savannas , which are discussed in this Web site, as having widely spaced trees with anywhere from a minimum of 5 - 10 % cover to a maximum of 25 - 20% cover.   Many definit

Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth". [1] Natura is a Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. [2] [3] The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe , is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since

A waterfall is a river or other body of water's steep fall over a rocky ledge into a plunge pool below. Waterfalls are also called cascade s.   The process of erosion , the wearing away of earth, plays an important part in the formation of waterfalls. Waterfalls themselves also contribute to erosion.   Often, waterfalls form as streams flow from soft rock to hard rock. This happens both laterally (as a stream flows across the earth) and vertically (as the stream drops in a waterfall). In both cases, the soft rock erodes, leaving a hard ledge over which the stream falls.   A fall line is the imaginary line along which parallel rivers plunge as they flow from uplands to lowlands. Many waterfalls in an area help geologist s and hydrologist s determine a region's fall line and underlying rock structure.   As a stream flows, it carries sediment . The sediment can be microscopic silt , pebbles, or even boulders. Sediment can erode stream beds made of soft